Real County Jail Criminal Court Process

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Criminal Court Process for Real County Texas

Real County is a Hill Country county of fewer than 3,000 people along the Frio and Nueces rivers, with its courthouse in Leakey and a second population center in Camp Wood. Class C cases are heard by the county's justices of the peace, and the County Judge hears Class A and B misdemeanors in the constitutional county court. Felonies go to the 38th District Court, whose judge also serves Medina and Uvalde counties, and the 38th District Attorney's Office in Uvalde prosecutes them, while the Real County Attorney handles misdemeanors. The county's own lockup is a holding facility with only a few beds, so most people held on charges are kept in another county's jail under arrangements made by the Sheriff.

  • Real County Courthouse (38th District Court; County Court; District and County Clerk), 101 S. Market Street, P.O. Box 750, Leakey, TX 78873, (830) 232-5202
  • Real County Attorney (misdemeanors), Real County Courthouse, Leakey
  • 38th District Attorney (felonies in Medina, Real and Uvalde counties), Uvalde
  • Real County Sheriff's Office, P.O. Box 445, Leakey, TX 78873, (830) 232-5201

Which court hears your case. Class C misdemeanors, which are punishable only by a fine (for example speeding on U.S. 83, public intoxication, theft of less than $100 or a minor assault without injury), go to the Justice of the Peace court for the precinct: the Leakey office for Precincts 1 and 2, or the Camp Wood office for Precincts 3 and 4. Class C tickets written inside Leakey or Camp Wood generally go to those same justice courts, since the state's court listings show no municipal court operating in Real County. Class A and B misdemeanors, a first DWI included, are heard by the Real County Court. A felony begins with magistrate warnings and a bond decision, then a Real County grand jury, and an indicted case is tried in the 38th District Court when the judge holds court in Leakey.

Where pretrial inmates are held. Texas Commission on Jail Standards figures list Real County's facility at only three beds and typically show no one held there, which means the county keeps few if any prisoners locally. People arrested in Real County are booked and then housed in the jail that serves Real County under contract, usually in a nearby county. Call the Real County Sheriff's Office at (830) 232-5201 to find out where a particular person is being held and how bond can be posted.

Local courts in Real County (justice of the peace, municipal and county courts)

Real County has four justice of the peace precincts, but they are served from two offices: one in Leakey covering Precincts 1 and 2, and one in Camp Wood covering Precincts 3 and 4. The justices hold court part time, so call before going in. They also act as magistrates and can set bail for people arrested in the county.

Justice of the Peace courts

  • Justice of the Peace, Precincts 1 and 2, P.O. Box 1430, Leakey, TX 78873, (830) 232-6630
  • Justice of the Peace, Precincts 3 and 4, P.O. Box 106, Camp Wood, TX 78833, (830) 597-6129

Municipal courts

No municipal court for Real County appears in the state's court listings. Leakey and Camp Wood police citations are generally filed in the justice courts above; the citation itself names the court.

County and district courts

  • Real County Court (constitutional county court; Class A and B misdemeanors), Real County Courthouse, 101 S. Market Street, Leakey, TX 78873; County Clerk (830) 232-5202
  • 38th District Court (felonies), same courthouse; the District and County Clerk is one combined office at the same number

Summer brings river visitors to the Frio, and with them a jump in tickets for public intoxication, minor-in-possession of alcohol, disorderly conduct and traffic violations. A Class C defendant can pay, ask for deferred disposition or a driving safety course, or plead not guilty and get a trial before the justice or a six-person jury. Appeals from a justice court go to the county court for a new trial, and the appeal bond or notice generally has to be filed within 10 days.

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Misdemeanor (for example, theft, a first DWI, assault causing bodily injury, criminal trespass)

After an arrest for a Class A or B misdemeanor in Real County, a person is first processed by the Sheriff's Office and then held at the jail that serves Real County until bail is posted.

Magistrate and release

A justice of the peace must see the person within 48 hours. The magistrate reads the warnings, records whether the person wants a lawyer appointed and sets the bond amount and conditions. Release can come through a cash bond, a bail bondsman's surety bond or a personal bond. For family-violence arrests, an emergency protective order is common. If prosecutors are not ready for trial within 30 days on a Class A or 15 days on a Class B, a jailed defendant generally has to be released on a personal bond or a reduced bail.

Getting a lawyer and going to court

Real County does not have a public defender. Its indigent defense plan, filed with the Texas Indigent Defense Commission, provides for the court to appoint private attorneys for people who cannot afford one, and many of those attorneys practice in Uvalde or the Hill Country. Ask at magistration or call the District and County Clerk at (830) 232-5202. The County Attorney files the charge, and the County Judge holds criminal docket days in Leakey. A jury in county court has six members.

Penalties

  • Theft: Class B for $100 up to $750 (up to 180 days, $2,000 fine); Class A for $750 up to $2,500 (up to one year, $4,000 fine).
  • Assault causing bodily injury: Class A; a family-violence finding has long-term effects on firearm rights and future charges.
  • Criminal trespass: typically Class B, upgraded to Class A for a habitation or when a deadly weapon is carried. Trespass on private riverbank and ranch property is a common complaint in Real County.
  • First DWI: Class B; 72 hours to 180 days in jail and a fine of up to $3,000; Class A at 0.15 or more; at least 6 days with an open container. A separate license suspension can follow a failed or refused test.

In Leakey, misdemeanor cases close in one of several ways: a dismissal, pretrial diversion, deferred adjudication, probation, a fine, or days in jail. An order of nondisclosure is available after many deferred adjudications. A Real County misdemeanor usually takes two to six months.

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Felony (for example, burglary, felony theft, drug possession or delivery, aggravated assault)

Felony practice in Real County depends on the 38th District Court's circuit among three counties, so terms of court in Leakey are periodic.

  1. Arrest and magistration. The defendant is booked and held at the jail that serves Real County. Within 48 hours a magistrate gives the article 15.17 warnings, reviews the public safety report and sets bail.
  2. Lawyer appointment. A defendant who cannot afford a lawyer asks the magistrate; the 38th District Court appoints one under the county's plan. The combined District and County Clerk is at (830) 232-5202.
  3. Grand jury. The 38th District Attorney presents the case to a grand jury drawn from Real County residents. A jailed defendant whose case is not ready for trial within 90 days is generally entitled to release on a personal bond or reduced bail, with exceptions for violent offenses.
  4. Plea or trial. Most felonies end in plea agreements. If tried, the case goes to a 12-person jury that must reach a unanimous verdict, and the defendant can ask that jurors assess punishment.

Ranges of punishment

  • State jail felony: 180 days to 2 years in a state jail, for offenses such as theft of $2,500 to under $30,000.
  • Third degree: 2 to 10 years, as for possession of 1 to 4 grams of a Penalty Group 1 drug.
  • Second degree: 2 to 20 years, the usual level for burglary of a home and aggravated assault.
  • First degree: 5 to 99 years or life imprisonment. A fine of up to $10,000 may be added at any felony level.

Drug cases turn on the substance and its weight, and repeat offenders can face enhanced ranges. A person with a clean record will often be offered probation or deferred adjudication. With good conduct most prisoners become eligible for parole at one-quarter of the sentence, but "3g" offenses require half, and at least two years. Expect a felony case to last roughly six to eighteen months.

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Violent felony (for example, murder, sexual assault, aggravated robbery)

A violent felony charge in Real County brings a high bond, and the law prohibits release on a personal bond. Texas voters approved a 2025 constitutional amendment that lets judges deny bail in some violent-crime cases, so a defendant may remain in custody, typically at the contract jail, until trial.

  • Capital murder: a conviction means either life imprisonment without parole or, if the State pursues it, death.
  • Murder: punishable by 5 to 99 years or a life term as a first-degree felony.
  • Sexual assault: second-degree felony. Aggravated sexual assault: first-degree felony, with a 25-year floor in certain cases involving a young child.
  • Aggravated robbery: first-degree felony; parole consideration only after half the sentence.

The judge appoints lawyers who meet the state's qualification standards for the charge, two in a capital case. The Texas Rangers commonly assist small Hill Country sheriff's offices with these investigations. Crime victims hold rights under article I, section 30 of the Texas Constitution, including notice of proceedings and the opportunity to give an impact statement; the 38th District Attorney's Office provides victim assistance. Cases of this kind usually run one to three years.

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Juveniles (under 17) arrested in Real County

Children who were 10 through 16 years old on the date of an alleged offense are handled in Texas juvenile court, while 17-year-olds are prosecuted as adults. Real County's juvenile board designates the juvenile court, which in a county this size is typically the county court or the 38th District Court.

Intake. Officers notify a parent and bring the youth to an approved intake location. The juvenile probation department serving Real County, which in small Hill Country counties is often a multi-county department, conducts intake and decides whether to release the child, handle the case informally or refer it to the prosecutor for a petition.

Detention. There is no juvenile detention center in Real County. A child who must be held is typically placed in a regional detention center under contract, such as a facility in the Uvalde, Kerrville or San Antonio area. Within two working days a judge must hold a detention hearing.

Possible results. Deferred prosecution, which ends in dismissal if the youth complies, is common for first-time referrals. After an adjudication, the court can order probation, a residential placement or commitment to the Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD). Determinate sentencing for serious offenses can lead to a sentence that continues in an adult prison.

Certification. The juvenile court can transfer a case to adult criminal court after a hearing, generally only for a youth who was at least 14 for a capital felony, first-degree felony or certain aggravated drug felonies, or at least 15 for other felonies. Each child has a right to counsel, with a lawyer appointed if the family cannot pay. Records stay confidential, and many can be sealed when the youth meets the legal conditions.

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Federal cases (U.S. District Court) from Real County

Real County is assigned by statute to the Western District of Texas, San Antonio Division, which is also the headquarters of the district.

  • Clerk of the U.S. District Court, Room 1-400, 262 W. Nueva St., San Antonio 78207, (210) 472-6550
  • U.S. Attorney's Office, Western District of Texas (main office), 601 N.W. Loop 410, Suite 600, San Antonio, TX 78216, (210) 384-7100
  • The Federal Public Defender for the Western District of Texas has a San Antonio office, and private Criminal Justice Act panel attorneys also take appointments.

When charges are federal. Federal prosecutors bring cases that violate federal law, usually after investigation by agencies such as the DEA, ATF, FBI, Border Patrol or Homeland Security Investigations. Real County lies north of the border region, and cases from here can include human smuggling and drug transport on U.S. 83 and other highways, illegal firearms possession and offenses on federal land.

Initial appearance and detention. A U.S. magistrate judge in San Antonio advises the defendant of the charges and appoints counsel if needed. A detention hearing, when the government requests one, normally follows within three court days. Federal court does not use commercial bail bonds; under the Bail Reform Act, the judge sets release conditions supervised by U.S. Pretrial Services or orders detention.

Indictment, plea and sentence. When a case starts with a complaint, the government must obtain an indictment within 30 days, and the Speedy Trial Act sets a 70-day trial deadline that is often extended. Guilty pleas end the large majority of these cases; a trial needs a unanimous verdict from 12 jurors. U.S. Probation prepares a presentence report, the judge applies the advisory Sentencing Guidelines and any mandatory minimum, and the sentence is served in the Bureau of Prisons without parole, at roughly 85 percent with good-conduct time, followed by supervised release. Appeals are heard by the Fifth Circuit.

Finding someone. To locate a federal prisoner, enter a name or register number in the Federal Bureau of Prisons inmate locator. If the person is awaiting trial in a county jail that contracts with the U.S. Marshals, that jail's roster may list the person as well. Juveniles are rarely charged in federal court.

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This page offers a general explanation of criminal procedure in Real County and is not legal advice. Check every court date with the clerk, because settings in small counties change often. Anyone who cannot afford a lawyer can ask the magistrate for appointed counsel or call the District and County Clerk in Leakey at (830) 232-5202.

Criminal Court Process for Real County Texas

Real County Texas Criminal Court System – Definitions

It might be helpful to define some words that will be used on this site, when explaining the Texas Court System and how it works. The definitions on this site are for general information and not legal advice. It is always preferred to follow information given by your attorney or local authorities.

If you scroll down below this content, and the listing of the courts in Real County, you will find a simple flowchart diagram and a video that will help you visualize the stages of the Criminal Court Process.

Arrest is when Texas, Real County or local police take a person into custody and start the legal process. The arrested person may or may not be immediately jailed. 

In less serious crimes, the person may only be given a citation ordering that they appear in municipal or Real County court on a certain date. In cases involving more serious crimes, the person is usually placed in the county jail until an arraignment, or a judge decides the next step.

Booking is when the Real County sheriff or local police gather information such as the detainee’s name, address and why the person is being arrested. Booking also includes fingerprinting, criminal history, investigation and verification of identity. Bail for lower-level crimes may be set right after booking so the arrested has the opportunity to “bail or bond out” before being detained.

The prosecution, sometimes called “the government” or “the people” or “the state” is the side that press the charges and seeks punishment for the offense. These are attorneys that work for the state of Texas, Real County or a city or town. The prosecuting attorney for Real County or the district works in the prosecutor’s office.  A U.S. Attorney prosecutes federal cases.  

Jurisdiction is an important term in the court system that means whether a court has the obligation or duty or right to handle a case.  For example, if you run a red light in your town or city, a municipal court would likely have jurisdiction over your case, but the next town or city over would not have jurisdiction over your case.  If you attempted to flee from police when they attempted to stop you after you ran the red light, it becomes a more serious crime, and the municipal court might not have jurisdiction so you might be assigned to a higher-level court that has jurisdiction over the more serious crime.  Jurisdiction varies from state to state and sometimes county to county.

Arraignment in Texas comes after charges are formally filed, usually by indictment for a felony. The trial court reads the charge and the defendant enters a plea of guilty, not guilty or no contest. It is a separate step from the first appearance before a magistrate, where rights are explained, bail is set and a request for an appointed lawyer can be made.

An arraignment is not a trial, and the defendant is entitled to a trial within a reasonable amount of time after the arraignment.

Bail is money paid that is held by the Real County or municipal court to make sure that the arrested does not flee the area before their trial. In Texas, bail and its conditions are set by a magistrate soon after arrest, at the hearing often called magistration. When the case is over, cash posted as bail is refunded on the court’s order to the person named on the receipt, less any fee the law allows.

If a person does not pay bail, they stay in custody until their trial.  Bail can be denied if the court feels that the arrested would be a danger to others if released. Sometimes the court decides that there is a good chance that the arrested will show up for trial and not flee so they are released on their own promise, or recognizance without having to pay bail.

A bond proceeding is the determination of how much bail is to be paid. In Texas it usually happens at the first appearance before a magistrate, soon after arrest, well before any arraignment. A defendant may have a lawyer at a bond proceeding, and a defendant facing a request to deny bail under Proposition 3 has the right to one at that hearing. Jailers, police and prosecutors can’t set bail. In Texas a magistrate does, usually within 48 hours of arrest, and that magistrate may be a justice of the peace, a municipal judge, an appointed magistrate or a county or district judge. Texas doesn’t use one bail schedule for the whole state; each county’s judges adopt their own. Before setting bail, the magistrate reviews a Public Safety Report on the person’s criminal history (the Damon Allen Act, Senate Bill 6, 2021). Since September 2025, Senate Bill 9 sends some felony bail decisions to a judge rather than an appointed magistrate, and since November 2025 Proposition 3 lets a judge deny bail outright for certain violent and sexual felonies after a hearing.

It is always important to have family involvement after being arrested.  Not only can they make calls and communicate on your behalf (not all bond companies will accept collect calls), but family support will show the court that there are people who will make sure that the defendant makes it to court, not only for the defendant’s own good, but because they may have signed bond paperwork and responsible to pay if the defendant does not show in court. Chances of obtaining a bond from a bond company or clerk of court are better if family is involved.  

(There have been phone scams to where a bond company calls and informs a person that their family member has been arrested and they ask for financial information.  A bondsman will not call asking for money without involvement of the arrested.)

A judicial public bond or personal recognizance bond is a bond where someone representing the defendant signs paperwork promising to pay the money if the defendant does not show up to court. If the defendant does not show, the full amount will be due and the people who signed the paperwork will be responsible to pay the court.  Sometimes the court decides that there is a good chance that the arrested will show up for trial and not flee so they are released on their own promise, or recognizance.  

Cash bonds in Texas. Instead of using a bondsman, the defendant or someone on their behalf deposits the full bail amount with the court or the sheriff. The money is held until the case ends, then refunded on the court’s order to the person named on the receipt, less the administrative fee the law allows (Art. 17.02).

Surety Bond is when defendant pays a percentage of the bond amount (usually 10–15%) to a professional bondsman or bail bond company licensed under Texas law, or by the county’s bail bond board in counties that have one. The bondsman then signs the bond on behalf of the defendant. The defendant does not receive any of the money back. If the bondsman feels the defendant is a flight risk, they can refuse to give a bond or charge a higher fee. For example, a bondsman may determine a defendant is a flight risk if they are from a state other than Texas.

A Property Bond is a bond in which the bond is pledged in land or home real estate.  Usually, the property must be in Real County, and it must be worth at least the amount of the bond.

An Unsecured Bond is when the defendant is released without paying bail upfront, but they must pay the full amount if they do not appear in court.

A Secured Bond is when the defendant pays a portion of the bail up front. If they show to court, they would get the money back and if they don’t show up to court, would have to pay the entire bail amount.

A criminal defense attorney (also called lawyer or counsel) is hired or retained to represent the arrested as early as possible after the arrest.

If there is a chance that the case might go to trial and the defendant cannot afford an attorney, the 6th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires that the court provide an attorney. This is called indigent representation and a public defender or assigned attorney would represent the defendant in all proceedings. Indigent representation is only available misdemeanor and felony cases that could result in jail time, juvenile cases and certain appeal cases. Class C misdemeanors do not qualify for indigent representation.  

Texas requires that the county pays for appointed counsel and expenses and each county may address indigent defense differently but must comply with the state commission’s guidelines.  If an accused cannot afford a lawyer, the court appoints one. A judge may later order the defendant to repay some or all of that cost if they are able to.  

For less serious cases or civil cases, pro bono volunteers give legal help free or at low cost. Many hold clinics on representing yourself or clearing (expunging) a record. Pro Bono Texas is a good place to start looking for one.

Many courts will provide forms and help for people who want to represent themselves, called pro se.

In Texas, a district court is the main state trial court for felonies. The name can also mean a U.S. federal district court, which hears federal cases; Texas has four federal judicial districts with offices around the state. It is important that you check the address of the court you are to appear in rather than to ask someone because that person might give you directions to the wrong “district” court. Being late to court can land you in custody as well.

Pretrial proceeding is the process where both sides (prosecution and defense) gather information, interview witnesses, request records, videos etc. Pretrial proceedings also include communications with the judge assigned to the case and these appearances are either in person or by on-line conferencing. Some pretrial proceedings may not require a defendant’s appearance, allowing an attorney to appear in their place. The information that is gathered is called discovery and both sides must share the information that they have gathered.  This information does not include conversations between the arrested and their attorney.

Most cases do not go to trial because both sides reach a plea deal, where both sides try to reach a reasonable punishment based on what was learned in the pretrial proceedings.  A plea deal can only happen if the accused person admits they are guilty in exchange for a lighter punishment.  The reason they must admit guilt is because it would not be fair to punish someone who claims they are not guilty.  There are times in plea bargaining when the prosecution agrees to give a lighter sentence in exchange for information leading to the arrest of more serious criminal related to the crime.  

Trial is where both sides share their information in front of a judge or a judge and jury. After listening to all the evidence, the judge or jury decides the verdict which is whether if the person is guilty or not guilty. If a court has only a judge hearing both sides, it is called a bench trial.  If a jury is selected, it is called a jury trial.  If the defendant is found non-guilty, they are released.  If they are found to be guilty, the next step is sentencing.

Sentencing is the punishment that the judge decides the person should get. This could be jail or prison time, fines, community service, probation, or a combination.

Appeal is asking for a higher court to hear the case again at an appellate court.  If the accused person thinks something went wrong at trial or has new information that was not available during the trial or that the sentence is too harsh, the defense attorney can ask for an appeal. It is not unusual for an appeal when there is a long jail sentence, but an appeal can be denied if the appellate court feels that the original trial or sentencing was fair.

Texas Felony vs Misdemeanor

In Texas, a misdemeanor is divided into Class A, Class B and Class C.

  • Class A is the most serious misdemeanor with penalties of up to 1 year in county jail and a fine of up to $4000.  Examples of a Class A misdemeanor in Texas include property theft valued between $750 and $2500, certain drug possession offenses and assault with bodily harm. 
  • Class B Misdemeanors can result in penalties of up to 180 days in county jail and a fine of up to $2000. Examples of a Class B misdemeanor include first offense DWI, possession of marijuana and criminal trespassing.
  • Class C misdemeanor is the least serious and results in a fine of up to $500 without jail time. Examples of Class C misdemeanor include disorderly conduct, simple assault without bodily injury and minor possession of alcohol.

A felony crime in Texas is a more serious crime than a misdemeanor and can be punished with more significant fines and jail time of more than one year.  Examples of felony crimes are murder, rape, theft, aggravated assault, drug trafficking, kidnapping and identity theft.

In Texas, the elected District Clerk keeps the records for felony cases and the elected County Clerk (or County Court at Law clerk) keeps misdemeanor records; both accept filings, bonds, fees and fines and keep the court’s files.

A warrant is used to get someone to appear in court or to law enforcement.  There must be good reason to believe that the person is involved in a crime. The warrant gives authority to arrest the person and search for evidence for the investigation of the crime. 

A criminal summons is issued to request that a person appear in court at a particular time and date.  It does not involve an arrest.  A traffic ticket, summary citation or lesser misdemeanor could be considered a summons if you are given a court date.

A summary citation, commonly referred to as a ticket, is a criminal summons by a law enforcement officer either in person or via mail accusing the defendant of a minor offense, stating potential fine, listing the court having jurisdiction and instructions for addressing the issue. Defendants may or may not be required to appear in court or handle the matter by entering a plea via mail.

Fines are usually paid to the District Clerk or County Clerk, and payment methods can be found on the Real County District Clerk or County Clerk website. If you do not pay your fine on time, you can lose your driver’s license, have to pay additional fees or even have a warrant for your arrest.  It is important to read the instructions on the ticket issued by the police officer or court at the time of your arrest. For a parking ticket or summary citation, the fine amount and how to send payment should be on the ticket. 

Texas Criminal Court System - How it Works

Justice courts are located within precincts are the lower-level criminal courts that handle Class C misdemeanors such as disorderly conduct, public intoxication and minor possession of alcohol and traffic violations. The judges are magistrates. 

Municipal courts handle violations of municipal ordinances (city laws), traffic violations, parking violations and criminal misdemeanor offenses that occur within the city or towns police jurisdiction. They overlap with justice courts in handling Class C misdemeanors. These courts are for criminal misdemeanors and are only punishable by fine and there is no confinement.

When there is an appeal request from a judgement made in justice or municipal court, the case is heard in a county or district court as if the original trial in the lower court had not occurred.  This is called trial de novo.

Texas County Courts are the original and trial courts for the more serious Class A and B misdemeanor cases. Each Texas county has one constitutional county court, and many counties have added statutory County Courts at Law to share its caseload; in larger counties those courts hear most Class A and B misdemeanors.  County courts are not courts for felony cases.

District courts in Texas are trial courts that handle criminal felony cases from beginning to end.  

Every Texas county designates at least one court to sit as its juvenile court (Family Code 51.04). A child in juvenile court is someone who was 10 through 16 at the time of the alleged conduct; at 17, Texas treats a person as an adult in criminal cases. The juvenile cases are handled by judges assigned to only serve “juvenile court”.

Courts of Appeal handle appeals from the district and county courts.

Specialty courts or problem-solving courts are being adopted in many states as a way to handle cases that involve non-violent and first-time offender cases in a way to where the offender can retain a job or responsibilities while following specific orders of the court as returned court appearances, periodic evaluations or testing for substances. Texas offers a variety of specialty courts throughout the state including drug, veteran’s, re-entry and DWI courts.

Texas has two high courts. The Texas Supreme Court is the final word on civil and juvenile cases. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals in Austin is the highest court for criminal cases and automatically reviews every death sentence. Most criminal appeals reach it after one of the state’s intermediate courts of appeals has ruled.

FEDERAL COURT

Federal Court deals with crimes involving violations of United States laws.  Federal crimes include federal drug trafficking, federal tax evasion and fraud that crossed state lines and include crimes that occur on federal property as post offices or federal buildings.  

Cases involving crimes that involve the FBI or DEA or Immigration agencies are federal crimes. Terrorism is a federal crime. 

There are some differences in the Federal court system as compared to the Texas state court system. For example, the attorneys who work for the courts are called United States Attorneys and Federal judges are called District Court Judges (not to be confused by local state district courts).  

Federal Magistrate Judges hear the case early on, but they do not decide on the cases at a trial like the Federal District Court Judges. In a federal case, a grand jury is used for indictments.

There are four U.S. Federal Judicial Districts in Texas.

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