Ontario County Jail Criminal Court Process

Search for an Inmate or Active Arrest Warrant in Ontario County

Criminal Court Process for Ontario County New York

Ontario County covers the northern Finger Lakes between Rochester and Geneva, with its county seat in the city of Canandaigua. Arrests are first handled by the City Courts of Canandaigua and Geneva or by a town or village justice, while indicted felonies belong to Ontario County Court at the historic courthouse on North Main Street, within the Seventh Judicial District. The Ontario County District Attorney, also on North Main Street, prosecutes them. Pretrial detainees are held at the Sheriff's Ontario County Jail on County Complex Drive, just outside downtown Canandaigua.

  • Ontario County Court (felonies and Youth Part), Ontario County Courthouse, 27 North Main Street, Canandaigua, NY 14424, (585) 412-5300
  • Ontario County Family Court, 27 North Main Street, Canandaigua, NY 14424, (585) 412-5299
  • Canandaigua City Court, 2 North Main Street, Canandaigua, NY 14424, (585) 412-5170
  • Geneva City Court, 255 Exchange Street, Geneva, NY 14456, (315) 237-6575
  • Ontario County District Attorney, Ontario County Courthouse, 3rd Floor, 27 North Main Street, Canandaigua, NY 14424, (585) 396-4010
  • Ontario County Public Defender (criminal cases; walk-in eligibility interviews weekdays 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.), reached through Ontario County government, 20 Ontario Street, Canandaigua, NY 14424, (585) 396-4451
  • Ontario County Conflict Defender (Family Court and conflict cases), Canandaigua, (585) 396-4284
  • Ontario County Jail (Sheriff's Office, Corrections), 3045 County Complex Drive, Canandaigua, NY 14424, (585) 396-1800

Which court hears your case. An Ontario County ticket or arrest for a violation, misdemeanor or DWI is returnable wherever the alleged offense took place: Canandaigua City Court or Geneva City Court inside those cities, Clifton Springs Village Court in that village, and the town justice court everywhere else, from Victor and Farmington in the north to Naples and South Bristol in the south. Off-hours arraignments are not done in sixteen separate courtrooms. Since 2018 the county has used a Centralized Arraignment Part, first housed at the Hopewell Town Court and now listed by the court system at the county jail, where local judges rotate through evening and weekend duty with a prosecutor and defender on call. Felony complaints get their first hearing at the CAP or in the local court; the North Main Street courthouse inherits the case after indictment, or after the accused consents to proceed by superior court information. Teen felony defendants, ages 16 and 17, are routed to that court's Youth Part, covered below under juveniles.

Where pretrial detainees are held. After booking by the Sheriff, the State Police, or the Canandaigua, Geneva, Victor or another local department, anyone the arraigning judge does not send home is lodged in the Ontario County Jail, 3045 County Complex Drive, Canandaigua. The jail's automated information line, (585) 396-1800, answers questions about whether a person is in custody, and the jail lobby is at the same address.

Local courts in Ontario County (city, town and village courts)

Ontario County's two cities each have a full-time City Court. All sixteen towns have justice courts, which meet on set evenings or mornings, and only one village, Clifton Springs, keeps a separate court. The East Bloomfield court serves both the town and the village of Bloomfield, and West Bloomfield's cases are heard in the East Bloomfield courtroom although its clerk keeps a separate office.

City Courts

  • Canandaigua City Court — 2 North Main Street, Canandaigua, NY 14424, (585) 412-5170
  • Geneva City Court — 255 Exchange Street, Geneva, NY 14456, (315) 237-6575

Town Courts

  • Town of Bristol Court — 6740 County Road 32, Canandaigua, NY 14424, (585) 229-4523
  • Town of Canadice Court — 5949 County Road 37, Springwater, NY 14560, (585) 367-3590
  • Town of Canandaigua Court — 5440 Routes 5 & 20 West, Canandaigua, NY 14424, (585) 394-9040
  • Town and Village of East Bloomfield Court — 99 Main Street, East Bloomfield, NY 14443, (585) 657-7248
  • Town of Farmington Court — 1023 Hook Road, Farmington, NY 14425, (315) 986-8195
  • Town of Geneva Court — 3750 County Road 6, Geneva, NY 14456, (315) 789-1100
  • Town of Gorham Court — 4736 South Street, Gorham, NY 14461, (585) 526-6298
  • Town of Hopewell Court — 2716 County Road 47, Canandaigua, NY 14424, (585) 394-1963, ext. 6
  • Town of Manchester Court — 1272 County Road 7, Clifton Springs, NY 14432, (585) 289-3010
  • Town of Naples Court — 106 South Main Street, Naples, NY 14512, (585) 374-2111
  • Town of Phelps Court — 1331 Route 88, Phelps, NY 14532, (315) 548-2090
  • Town of Richmond Court — 8690 Main Street, Honeoye, NY 14471, (585) 229-4006
  • Town of Seneca Court — 4224 South Street, Stanley, NY 14561, (585) 526-4780
  • Town of South Bristol Court — 6500 Gannett Hill Road West, Naples, NY 14512, (585) 374-6355
  • Town of Victor Court — 11 Framark Drive, Victor, NY 14564, (585) 924-5262
  • Town of West Bloomfield Court — clerk at the Highway Garage, 2560 County Road 37, West Bloomfield, NY 14585 (court sits at 99 Main Street, East Bloomfield), (585) 624-9860

Village Courts

  • Village of Clifton Springs Court — 1 West Main Street, Clifton Springs, NY 14432, (315) 462-3048

The villages of Manchester, Naples, Phelps, Shortsville and Victor are not listed with their own courts; tickets written there are returnable to the surrounding town court.

↑ Back to the top of the Ontario County court guide

Misdemeanor (for example, petit larceny, a first DWI, third-degree assault, criminal trespass)

Retail theft at Eastview Mall in Victor, a bar fight in Geneva and summer DWI stops on Routes 5 and 20 make up much of Ontario County's misdemeanor docket. Plenty of those cases never involve a night in custody, because officers book the person and issue an appearance ticket. People kept in custody see a judge at the Centralized Arraignment Part, which was set up with the goal that nobody waits more than about 12 hours for a judge.

At the arraignment

A public defender is present for the arraignment. The judge reviews the charge and decides release. Bail is off the table for most misdemeanors under New York law, so the realistic choices are release on recognizance or release under a non-monetary condition through the probation department's pretrial program. For a qualifying misdemeanor, which includes many domestic-violence-related charges, bail may be set, but the amount must take the defendant's means into account and be payable in at least two forms. Orders of protection are routinely issued in domestic cases.

Getting a lawyer after arraignment

The Ontario County Public Defender's Office conducts walk-in eligibility interviews on weekdays between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Bring the charge papers, the court name, the judge's name, the next court date, recent pay stubs and information about any public assistance. When the office has a conflict, the Conflict Defender, (585) 396-4284, or an assigned private attorney takes the case.

How cases end

The DA's office must produce its evidence to the defense promptly, as Article 245 requires, and CPL 30.30 holds Canandaigua prosecutors to readiness deadlines of three months on an A misdemeanor and two on a B. Ontario County's town justices and city judges close most files through negotiated outcomes: an ACD, a reduced plea to a violation, conditional discharges, fines, community service, or probation. Jail is more common for repeat DWI and domestic-violence cases. One to six months is typical.

Penalty ceilings

  • Violations: 15 days.
  • Class B misdemeanors (trespass 3rd is the common one): three months; $500.
  • Class A misdemeanors (second-degree criminal trespass, third-degree assault, and petit larceny when the property is valued at $1,000 or less): 364 days; $1,000.
  • First DWI: a one-year jail maximum; $500–$1,000 fines; revocation lasting six months or longer; the state's DWI education course; an interlock device for a year or more. A BAC of .18 or higher is Aggravated DWI, and the fine range moves up to a $1,000 minimum and $2,500 maximum, with a year-long minimum revocation. DWAI, the lesser impaired-driving charge, is a traffic infraction. Leandra's Law makes the offense a felony if a child aged 15 or younger is riding along.

↑ Back to the top of the Ontario County court guide

Felony (for example, burglary, grand larceny, drug sale, second-degree assault)

For an Ontario County felony, the road usually runs from the arraignment courtroom to the third-floor DA's office for negotiations and finally to County Court on North Main Street.

  1. First appearance. The arraigning judge, often at the Centralized Arraignment Part, addresses release. If the felony is not a qualifying one (most third-degree burglaries and grand larcenies are not), the judge has to choose between recognizance and non-cash conditions. A qualifying felony, such as a violent felony or a felony charged while another felony case is open, allows bail.
  2. Five-day limit. A defendant held on County Complex Drive has a right under CPL 180.80 to be freed after 120 hours, or 144 across a weekend, unless the case has gone to the grand jury or through a preliminary hearing by then.
  3. Grand jury or waiver. Either an Ontario County grand jury hears the evidence and votes on an indictment, or, typically as part of accepting a plea offer, the defendant signs away that right in exchange for a superior court information.
  4. County Court proceedings. After arraignment on the indictment, discovery is completed, motions are filed, and hearings are held on issues such as the legality of a search or the voluntariness of a statement. The prosecution must be ready for trial within six months, not counting excludable delay.
  5. Disposition. Most felony cases are resolved by plea. At trial, a jury of twelve must agree unanimously.

What sentence is possible

The statutory tops for nonviolent felonies are 4 years (Class E, such as theft above $1,000), 7 years (Class D, such as burglary 3rd or theft above $3,000), 15 years (Class C, such as theft above $50,000) and 25 years (Class B, such as a third-degree drug sale). For first offenders, the actual sentence is frequently probation, a split sentence or a short term. A first conviction for assault in the second degree, a violent D felony, can mean a definite prison term from two to seven years, then post-release supervision. Ontario County also operates treatment-court options, and in County Court a drug-involved defendant can request evaluation for Article 216 diversion. A predicate felony within the previous ten years raises the sentencing floor.

From arrest to sentencing, plan on six to eighteen months.

↑ Back to the top of the Ontario County court guide

Violent felony (for example, murder, rape, robbery)

The arraigning judge in a violent felony case can set bail or remand the defendant because these are qualifying offenses, and in homicide, rape and armed robbery cases, remand to the County Complex Drive jail is common. The DA typically presents the case to the grand jury quickly, and the County Court judge then manages a longer schedule of forensic discovery, suppression hearings and expert testimony.

Sentencing

Murder in the first degree is punished by life without parole or by life with a 20-to-25-year minimum; New York does not carry out executions. For murder in the second degree the minimum ranges from 15 to 25 years under a life maximum, and only specific aggravated versions allow life without parole. Rape 1st draws a determinate sentence of five to twenty-five years, followed by supervision and a sex-offender registration requirement. Robbery scales by degree: 5 to 25 years at the first, 3½ to 15 at the second, and at the third a nonviolent D felony. Inmates on violent felony terms can earn only one-seventh off, so they serve about six-sevenths.

Time and victims' rights

These cases typically take one to two years or more. The DA's victim services staff provide notice of proceedings, help victims prepare impact statements for sentencing and assist with applications to the state Office of Victim Services.

↑ Back to the top of the Ontario County court guide

Juveniles (under 18) arrested in Ontario County

Raise the Age reached 16-year-olds in the fall of 2018 and 17-year-olds a year later. In Ontario County, it sorts youth cases this way:

  • Juvenile delinquents (ages 12 to 15): cases go to Ontario County Family Court, 27 North Main Street, (585) 412-5299. Probation does intake and may adjust the matter without a petition; otherwise the County Attorney presents the case.
  • Juvenile offenders, the term for a child of 13 through 15 accused of one of the specific violent felonies listed in the law: the Youth Part of Ontario County Court.
  • Adolescent offenders (16- or 17-year-olds facing felony charges): the Youth Part as well, with most cases removed to Family Court unless the charge involved significant physical injury, the display of a weapon or a sex offense, or the DA proves extraordinary circumstances.
  • Misdemeanors by 16- and 17-year-olds: Family Court.

No youth detention center operates in Ontario County. Young people ordered held are typically sent out of county to a state-certified secure or non-secure program, such as Monroe County's Children's Detention Center in Rochester, and held adolescent offenders go to a specialized secure detention unit, never County Complex Drive. Proceedings involving juveniles are closed to the public, and records are confidential. In Family Court, the Conflict Defender's office, (585) 396-4284, handles many juvenile and family matters.

↑ Back to the top of the Ontario County court guide

Federal cases (U.S. District Court) from Ontario County

For federal purposes, Canandaigua and Geneva fall within New York's Western District. Although 28 U.S.C. §112 names Canandaigua among the Western District's court sites, the local criminal rules typically send Ontario County cases to Rochester, to the Keating Federal Building in downtown Rochester, where the clerk's office can be reached at (585) 613-4000.

A federal case is its own prosecution under federal statutes, usually developed by federal agents or a task force that includes Ontario County officers. Examples include large drug-distribution cases, firearms offenses by prohibited persons, bank robbery, fraud and child-exploitation crimes. Both the state and federal governments can prosecute the same conduct.

Contacts in Rochester

  • U.S. Attorney's Office, Rochester, 100 State Street, Suite 500, Rochester, NY 14614, (585) 263-6760
  • Federal Public Defender, Rochester, 28 East Main Street, First Federal Plaza, Suite 400, Rochester, NY 14614, (585) 263-6201
  • U.S. Marshals Service, Rochester, Keating Federal Building, 100 State Street, Room 2240, Rochester, NY 14614, (585) 263-5787

Steps in the case

First comes an initial appearance in Rochester, where a magistrate judge deals with counsel and release. A detention hearing, if the prosecutor requests one, usually takes place within three court days. The magistrate then decides under the Bail Reform Act whether to release with U.S. Pretrial Services oversight or to detain. If the charge is by complaint, an indictment from a federal grand jury must follow within 30 days. Trial is supposed to begin within 70 days of indictment, but excluded time often stretches that out. Guilty pleas resolve most cases. When there is a trial, twelve jurors hear it and their verdict has to be unanimous.

Before sentencing, U.S. Probation prepares a presentence report computing the advisory Sentencing Guidelines range. The judge considers that range and any mandatory minimum. Without federal parole, a defendant sentenced in Rochester can expect to serve roughly 85 percent of the prison term before moving to supervised release. Appeals go to the Second Circuit.

Federal detainees from Rochester-division cases are held by the Marshals in contract jails; the Marshals Service has published agreements with western New York county jails including the Livingston County Jail. Prosecuting a juvenile in federal court is rare.

↑ Back to the top of the Ontario County court guide

Nothing here is legal advice; it is a general sketch of Ontario County's criminal courts, and the details of a real case can change everything. To get a free lawyer, complete an eligibility interview with the Ontario County Public Defender (call the county at (585) 396-4451 for directions) or ask the judge to assign counsel; the Conflict Defender's number is (585) 396-4284.

Criminal Court Process for Ontario County New York

Ontario County New York Criminal Court System – Definitions

The Criminal Court System in New York State can be a complicated system to understand.  In order to understand better, it might be helpful to define some words that will be used on this site. The definitions on this site are for general information and not legal advice.  It is always preferred to follow information given by your attorney or local authorities.

If you scroll down below this content, and the listing of the courts in Ontario County, you will find a simple flowchart diagram and a video that will help you visualize the stages of the Criminal Court Process.

Arrest is when New York, Ontario County or local police take a person into custody and start the legal process. The arrested person may or may not be immediately jailed. 

In less serious crimes, the person may only be given a citation ordering that they appear in municipal or Ontario County court on a certain date. In cases involving more serious crimes, the person is usually placed in the county jail until an arraignment, or a judge decides the next step.

Booking is when the Ontario County sheriff or local police gather information such as the detainee’s name, address and why the person is being arrested. Booking also includes fingerprinting, criminal history, investigation, and verification of identity. Bail for lower-level crimes may be set right after booking so the arrested can “bail or bond out” before being detained.

The prosecution, sometimes called “the government” or “the people” or “the state” is the side that press the charges and seeks punishment for the offense. These are attorneys that work for the municipal (or city) courts, county courts, circuit courts, courts of appeal and supreme court.  In New York, the prosecuting attorney for the state or county is called an Assistant District Attorney or ADA or District Attorney or DA and a U.S. Attorney prosecutes for federal cases.  

Jurisdiction is an important term in the court system that means whether a court has the obligation or duty or right to handle a case.  For example, if you run a red light in your town or city, a municipal court would likely have jurisdiction over your case, but the next town or city over would not have jurisdiction over your case.  If you attempted to flee from police when they attempted to stop you after you ran the red light, it becomes a more serious crime, and the municipal court might not have jurisdiction so you might be assigned to a higher-level court that has jurisdiction over the more serious crime.  Jurisdiction varies from state to state and sometimes county to county.

District Court can be a New York State District Court (which are only in Nassau and parts of Suffolk County), or it can refer to a United States Federal District Court that hears federal cases and there are four US District Courts in New York.  It is important to ask the arresting officer or court the exact address of the courthouse rather than trying to figure it out yourself and miss your court appearance.

Bail is money paid that is kept by the courts to make sure that the arrested does not flee the area before their trial. Bail amounts and conditions are determined at the arraignment. Once the case is over, the bail money is returned. If a person does not pay bail, they remain in jail until their trial.  Bail can be denied if the court feels that the arrested would be a danger to others if released.

A bond proceeding is the determination of how much bail is to be paid and usually happens at the same time as an arraignment. During bond proceedings, the defendant can have an attorney present but does not have the right to an attorney. A judge or court officer in the {county extended} or municipal court sets bail.

Judges in New York rely on a statewide bail schedule, which sets out a recommended range of bail amounts for different offenses. Judges can still exercise discretion in setting bail above or below the recommended range.

A judicial public bond or personal recognizance bond is a bond where someone representing the defendant signs paperwork promising to pay the money if the defendant does not show up to court. If the defendant does not show, the full amount will be due and the people who signed the paperwork will be responsible for paying the court.  Sometimes the court decides that there is a good chance that the arrested will show up for trial and not flee so they are released on their own promise, or recognizance.  

Cash percentage in lieu of bonds.  If the bond order permits, the defendant pays a percentage of the amount, (sometimes up to 100%) to the court, which then holds the money until the case is over. The amount is returned if the defendant is acquitted or the case is dismissed, or it can be used toward paying any court fines incurred by the defendant.

Surety Bond is when defendant pays a percentage of the bond amount (usually 10–15%) to a professional bondsman or bail bond company licensed to do business in New York, {county extended}. The bondsman then signs the bond on behalf of the defendant. The defendant does not receive any of the money back. If the bondsman feels the defendant is a flight risk, they can refuse to give a bond or charge a higher fee. For example, a bondsman may determine a defendant is a flight risk if they are from a state other than New York.

A Property Bond is a bond in which the bond is pledged in land or home real estate (mobile homes are not accepted).  Usually, the property must be in Ontario County, and it must be worth at least the amount of the bond.

Transfer bond is transferable across state lines but generally a bond company will only assume the loan to adjoining states.

It is always important to have family involvement after being arrested.  Not only can they make calls and communicate on your behalf (not all bond companies will accept collect calls), but family support will show the court that there are people who will make sure that the defendant makes it to court, not only for the defendant’s own good, but because they may have signed bond paperwork and responsible to pay if the defendant does not show in court. Chances of obtaining a bond from a bond company or clerk of court are better if family is involved.  

(There have been phone scams where a bond company calls and informs a person that their family member has been arrested and they ask for financial information.  A bondsman will not call asking for money without involvement of the arrested.)

A criminal defense attorney (also called lawyer or counsel) is hired or retained to represent the arrested as early as possible after the arrest. If the arrested cannot afford a lawyer, the New York court would assign indigent representation, usually called a public defender or an assigned or contracted attorney to represent the person for free or a small fee or a reduced rate, depending on the county.  Indigent representation is only available for juvenile cases, appeals and cases that could result in jail time. It is not available for civil cases or cases that would not result in jail time.  

In New York State, criminal attorneys can be asked by the courts to represent people periodically at a much-reduced rate.  This is called an 18-B assignment.   

A right to an attorney is in the 6th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution; that all people that are going to be heard in trial are entitled to be represented by a lawyer and if they cannot afford one, the court will provide one. This only applies to criminal cases and not to civil cases or criminal cases that would not result in jail time.  

In New York State, the Office of Indigent Legal Services is the state agency that oversees indigent defense as a whole, but it is up to each county to fund and run their own indigent services.

For less serious cases or civil cases, there are pro bono volunteers who volunteer legal services for free or for a small fee. They often will hold clinics to teach people how to represent themselves in court. The attached link has a list of pro bono organizations in New York State.

Many courts will provide forms and help for people who want to represent themselves, called pro se.  Here is a link for legal self-help in New York, and another website for which court to go to.

Pretrial proceeding is the process where both sides (prosecution and defense) gather information, interview witnesses, request records, videos etc. Pretrial proceedings also include communications with the judge assigned to the case and these appearances are either in person or by on-line conferencing. Some pretrial proceedings may not require a defendant’s appearance, allowing an attorney to appear in their place. The information that is gathered is called discovery and both sides must share the information that they have gathered.  This information does not include conversations between the arrested and their attorney.

Most cases do not go to trial because both sides reach a plea deal, where both sides try to reach a reasonable punishment based on what was learned in the pretrial proceedings.  A plea deal can only happen if the accused person admits they are guilty in exchange for a lighter punishment.  The reason they must admit guilt is because it would not be fair to punish someone who claims they are not guilty.  There are times in plea bargaining when the prosecution agrees to give a lighter sentence in exchange for information leading to the arrest of a more serious criminal related to the crime.  

Trial is where both sides share their information in front of a judge or a judge and jury. After listening to all the evidence, the judge or jury decides the verdict which is whether if the person is guilty or not guilty. If a court has only a judge hearing both sides, it is called a bench trial.  If a jury is selected, it is called a jury trial.  If the defendant is found non-guilty, they are released.  If they are found to be guilty, the next step is sentencing.

Sentencing is the punishment that the judge decides the person should get. This could be fines, community service, probation, jail time or a combination.

Appeal is asking for a higher court to hear the case again.  If the accused person thinks something went wrong at trial or has new information that was not available during the trial or that the sentence is too harsh, the defense attorney can ask for an appeal. It is not unusual for an appeal when there is a long jail sentence, but an appeal can be denied if the appellate court feels that the original trial or sentencing was fair.

A misdemeanor crime in New York State is a crime that has a penalty such as fines, probation, community service or up to one year in a county jail.  Common misdemeanor offenses include petty theft, simple assault, trespassing, some drug offenses or harassment. 

A felony crime in New York State is a more serious crime than a misdemeanor and can be punished with more significant fines and prison (not jail) time over one year.  Examples of felony crimes include murder, rape, theft, aggravated assault, drug trafficking, kidnapping, armed burglary and identity theft.

The Ontario County Clerk of Court is an elected official whose responsibilities for Criminal Court’s administrative issues include receiving criminal warrants, receiving bail, creating the trial schedule, receiving fees, fines and maintaining court records.

A warrant is used to get someone to appear in court or to law enforcement.  There must be good reason to believe that the person is involved in a crime. The warrant gives authority to arrest the person and search for evidence for the investigation of the crime. 

A criminal summons is issued to request that a person appear in court at a particular time and date.  It does not involve an arrest.  A traffic ticket, summary citation or lesser misdemeanor could be considered a summons if you are given a court date.

A summary citation, commonly referred to as a ticket, is a criminal summons by a law enforcement officer either in person or via mail accusing the defendant of a minor offense, stating potential fine, listing the court having jurisdiction and instructions for addressing the issue. Defendants may or may not be required to appear in court or handle the matter by entering a plea via mail.

Fines are usually paid to the District Court or clerk of court and payment methods can be found on the District Court or Ontario County Clerk of Court website. If you do not pay your fine on time, you can lose your driver’s license, must pay additional fees or even have a warrant for your arrest.  It is important to read the instructions on the ticket issued by the police officer or court at the time of your arrest. For a parking ticket or summary citation, the fine amount and how to send payment should be on the ticket. 

CRIMINAL COURTS IN NEW YORK STATE

The Criminal Court System in New York City, Nassau County and parts of Suffolk County are different from all of the other counties and cities in the state of New York.

After someone is arrested in New York, which court to go can be complicated. It depends on where the crime occurred and what type of crime it was. To further complicate things, New York City, Nassau County and parts of Suffolk County process the arrested differently than the rest of New York State.  The arresting police officers or police department are best suited to advise you of which court the arrested should go to until a lawyer is retained.  The NY Unified Court website also provides a guide as to which court to use.

When someone is arrested in New York, they are usually brought to the local city, town or village police department where booking occurs before being seen in a justice court which is the name given to town or village courts.  

Most traffic and vehicle offenses are handled in a justice court as well as misdemeanors. If you can say that the crime happened in the “Town of ___” or “Village of____”, and it was not a felony crime, you will most likely appear in a justice court.  The judges are called justices of the peace are on call 24 hours/day to be available for arraignments and to issue orders of protection. There are 1,200 justice courts in New York State except for New York City.  

If the offense occurred in one of about 60 cities in New York, your case will be heard in a city court which acts the same as a justice court.

District courts are only in Nassau and parts of Suffolk County, and they act like the justice courts, they can handle traffic matters, misdemeanor cases and conduct felony arraignments. 

County Courts can handle most criminal cases from beginning to end or they can receive felony cases from justice courts (or district courts in Nassau and Suffolk County) that need to be further prosecuted or go to trial. County courts hear mostly criminal cases and some family court matters but not civil cases. If your case is appealed from the justice or city court, it will likely be heard in a county court. 

The term Supreme Court in New York confuses a lot of people because it sounds like a high-level court that hears special cases and has a panel of justices.  This is not so in New York. There is a supreme court in each county in New York State. A New York Supreme Court handles civil, divorce, criminal cases and some juvenile cases.  Criminal cases are handled in a division of supreme court called the Criminal Term. 

A New York Supreme Court is a trial level court for cases that handle more serious or complicated for county courts with the exception of New York City where most criminal felony cases are handled in New York City Supreme Court instead of a county court.  A New York Supreme Court has an Appellate Division that hears appeals from the supreme court criminal term, from family court and from county courts.

New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in New York meaning that the decisions are final unless it is a matter for the U.S. Supreme Court.  Most appeals are heard in a New York Supreme Court Appeals Division.

Family Court handles cases involving family and domestic issues, such as child custody, child support, and domestic violence. Juvenile crimes are usually heard in Family Court and there is a court in each county. Here is a link for more information on juvenile court.

Specialty Courts or Problem-Solving Courts are being adopted in many states as a way to handle cases that involve non-violent and first-time offender cases in a way to where the offender can retain a job or responsibilities while following specific orders of the court as returned court appearances, periodic evaluations or testing for substances.  Problem-solving courts in New York include: Drug treatment courts, family treatment courts, human trafficking courts, mental health courts, opioid courts and veterans treatment courts.  Follow this link to find out more about a problem-solving court in New York State.

The New York State Court System is complicated and there are factors that can change the court type and location, so it is important to follow the instructions given by the paperwork given by the police or judge at the time of the arrest or by your attorney.

New York City Criminal Courts

If a crime is committed in New York City the initial process is different than the rest of New York State.  If the crime is committed in one of the five boroughs (The Bronx, Kings County (Brooklyn), New York County (Manhattan), Queens County or Richmond County (Staten Island), the arrested is taken to the New York City Criminal Court which handles lower-level cases, arraignments and trials for misdemeanors which are crimes punished by a fine or imprisonment of less than one year.  It also conducts arraignments, preliminary hearings and plea bargaining for some felonies.  

The more serious felony cases are transferred to the New York County Supreme Court.

The New York County Supreme Court’s Criminal Term handles cases in parts.  A part deals with a certain type of proceeding or crime. The parts in NYC Supreme Court Criminal Term include many conference and trial parts, youth part, narcotics part, domestic violence parts, diversion and mental illness parts.  Here is more information on New York City’s Criminal Court.

New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in New York meaning that the decisions are final unless it is a matter for the U.S. Supreme Court.  Most appeals are heard in a New York Supreme Court Appeals Division.

Family Court handles cases involving family and domestic issues, such as child custody, child support, and domestic violence. Juvenile crimes are usually heard in Family Court and there is a court in each county.

Here is a link for more information on juvenile court.

Specialty Courts or Problem-Solving Courts are being adopted in many states as a way to handle cases that involve non-violent and first-time offender cases in a way to where the offender can retain a job or responsibilities while following specific orders of the court as returned court appearances, periodic evaluations or testing for substances.  

Problem-solving courts in New York include: Drug treatment courts, family treatment courts, human trafficking courts, mental health courts, opioid courts and veterans treatment courts.  Follow this link to find out more about a problem-solving court in New York State.

The following link gives information regarding New York City’s Drug Treatment Court.

The New York State Court System is complicated and there are factors that can change the court type and location, so it is important to follow the instructions given by the paperwork given by the police or judge at the time of the arrest or by your attorney.

Nassau County Criminal Court System

After someone is arrested in New York, which court to go can be complicated. It depends on where the crime occurred and what type of crime it was. To further complicate things, New York City, Nassau County and parts of Suffolk County process the arrested differently than the rest of New York State.  The arresting police officers or police department are best suited to advise you of which court the arrested should go to until a lawyer is retained.

The initial process following an arrest in Nassau County is different than the rest of New York State in that the initial process does not occur in city, town or village court but in Nassau County District Court. The District Court in Nassau County handles traffic and vehicle matters, misdemeanor cases from beginning to end, including trial and preliminary proceedings in felony criminal cases. The felony cases will then be transferred to a county or supreme court for further prosecution and/or trial. 

The Nassau County Court can handle most criminal cases from beginning to end or they can receive felony cases from district courts that need to be further prosecuted or go to trial. County courts hear mostly criminal cases and some family court matters but not civil cases. If the case is considered serious enough or is complicated, it will be moved to a New York State Supreme Court. If your case is appealed from the district court, it will likely be heard in the Nassau County Court. 

The term Supreme Court in New York confuses a lot of people because it sounds like a high-level court that hears special cases and has a panel of justices.  This is not so in New York. There is a supreme court in each county in New York State. A New York Supreme Court handles civil, divorce, criminal cases and some juvenile cases.  Criminal cases are handled in a division of supreme court called the Criminal Term.

A New York Supreme Court is a trial level court for cases that handle more serious or complicated for county courts with the exception of New York City where most criminal felony cases are handled in New York City Supreme Court instead of a county court.  A New York Supreme Court has an Appellate Division that hears appeals from the supreme court criminal term, from family court and from county courts.

New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in New York meaning that the decisions are final unless it is a matter for the U.S. Supreme Court.  Most appeals are heard in a New York Supreme Court Appeals Division.

Family Court handles cases involving family and domestic issues, such as child custody, child support, and domestic violence. Juvenile crimes are usually heard in Family Court and there is a court in each county.  

Here is a link for more information on juvenile court.

Specialty Courts or Problem-Solving Courts are being adopted in many states as a way to handle cases that involve non-violent and first-time offender cases in a way to where the offender can retain a job or responsibilities while following specific orders of the court as returned court appearances, periodic evaluations or testing for substances.  Problem-solving courts in New York include: Drug treatment courts, family treatment courts, human trafficking courts, mental health courts, opioid courts and veterans treatment courts.  Follow this link to find out more about a problem-solving court in New York State.

The New York State Court System is complicated and there are factors that can change the court type and location, so it is important to follow the instructions given by the paperwork given by the police or judge at the time of the arrest or by your attorney.

Suffolk County New York Criminal Court System

After someone is arrested in New York, which court to go can be complicated. It depends on where the crime occurred and what type of crime it was. To further complicate things, New York City, Nassau County and parts of Suffolk County process the arrested differently than the rest of New York State.  The arresting police officers or police department are best suited to advise you of which court the arrested should go to until a lawyer is retained.

Parts of Suffolk County (Western Towns of Babylon, Huntington, Smithtown, Islip and Brookhaven) and all of Nassau County differ from the rest of New York State.  The remaining towns of Suffolk County are like the rest of New York State where the court process starts in city, town or village court.  In the five western towns of Suffolk County, all cases start at the District Court.  

The initial process following an arrest in the Western Towns of Suffolk County is different than the rest of New York State in that the initial process does not occur in city, town or village court but in Suffolk County District Court. The District Court in Suffolk County handles traffic and vehicle matters, misdemeanor cases from beginning to end, including trial and preliminary proceedings in felony criminal cases. The felony cases will then be transferred to the Suffolk County Court or supreme court for further prosecution and/or trial. 

Suffolk County Court can handle most criminal cases from beginning to end or they can receive felony cases from the district court in Suffolk County that need to be further prosecuted or go to trial. County courts hear mostly criminal cases and some family court matters but not civil cases. If the case is considered serious enough or is complicated, it will be moved to a New York State Supreme Court. If your case is appealed from the district court, it will likely be heard in a county court. 

The term Supreme Court in New York confuses a lot of people because it sounds like a high-level court that hears special cases and has a panel of justices.  This is not so in New York. There is a supreme court in each county in New York State. A New York Supreme Court handles civil, divorce, criminal cases and some juvenile cases.  Criminal cases are handled in a division of supreme court called the Criminal Term.

A New York Supreme Court is a trial level court for cases that handle more serious or complicated for county courts with the exception of New York City where most criminal felony cases are handled in New York City Supreme Court instead of a county court.  A New York Supreme Court has an Appellate Division that hears appeals from the supreme court criminal term, from family court and from county courts.

Family Court handles cases involving family and domestic issues, such as child custody, child support, and domestic violence. Juvenile crimes are usually heard in Family Court and there is a court in each county.  

Here is a link for more information on juvenile court.

Specialty Courts or Problem-Solving Courts are being adopted in many states as a way to handle cases that involve non-violent and first-time offender cases in a way to where the offender can retain a job or responsibilities while following specific orders of the court as returned court appearances, periodic evaluations or testing for substances.  

Problem-solving courts in New York include: Drug treatment courts, family treatment courts, human trafficking courts, mental health courts, opioid courts and veterans treatment courts.  Follow this link to find out more about a problem-solving court in New York State.

The New York State Court System is complicated and there are factors that can change the court type and location, so it is important to follow the instructions given by the paperwork given by the police or judge at the time of the arrest or by your attorney.

FEDERAL COURT

Federal Court deals with crimes involving violations of United States laws.  Federal crimes include federal drug trafficking, federal tax evasion and fraud that crossed state lines and include crimes that occur on federal property as post offices or federal buildings.  

Cases involving crimes that involve the FBI or DEA or Immigration agencies are federal crimes. Terrorism is a federal crime. 

There are some differences in the Federal court system as compared to the New York state court system. For example, the attorneys who work for the courts are called United States Attorneys and Federal judges are called District Court Judges (not to be confused by local state district courts).  

Federal Magistrate Judges hear the case early on, but they do not decide on the cases at a trial like the Federal District Court Judges. In a federal case, a grand jury is used for indictments.

There are four U.S. Federal Judicial Districts in New York.

Courts

ONTARIO COUNTY SURROGATE's CT
27 N MAIN ST # 129
CANANDAIGUA NY, 14424
585-396-4054
HOPEWELL TOWN COURT
2716 COUNTY ROAD 47
CANANDAIGUA NY, 14424
585-394-1963
CANANDAIGUA CITY COURT
2 N MAIN ST # 1
CANANDAIGUA NY, 14424
585-412-5170
CANANDAIGUA TOWN COURT CLERK
5440 STATE ROUTE 5 AND 20
CANANDAIGUA NY, 14424
585-394-9040
FARMINGTON TOWN COURT
1023 HOOK RD
FARMINGTON NY, 14425
315-986-8195
MANCHESTER COURT CLERK
1272 COUNTY ROAD 7
CLIFTON SPRINGS NY, 14432
585-289-6846
MANCHESTER TOWN COURT
1272 COUNTY ROAD 7
CLIFTON SPRINGS NY, 14432
315-462-9455
GENEVA TOWN COURT
3750 COUNTY ROAD 6
GENEVA NY, 14456
315-789-1100
GENEVA CITY COURT
255 EXCHANGE ST
GENEVA NY, 14456
315-237-6575
GORHAM TOWN COURT
4736 SOUTH ST
GORHAM NY, 14461
585-526-6298
PHELPS TOWN COURT
1331 STATE ROUTE 88
PHELPS NY, 14532
315-548-2090
VICTOR COURT JUDGE
11 FRAMARK DR # 2
VICTOR NY, 14564
585-924-5775
VICTOR TOWN COURT
11 FRAMARK DR # 2
VICTOR NY, 14564
585-924-5262

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Every detail on this page is checked by hand, not scraped. This unofficial directory helps friends and family of incarcerated individuals find critical information — inmate lists, locations, bail resources, visitation hours, rules, and text, phone, email, and mail services — for jails, detention centers, and prisons across the United States.