Sherburne County Jail Criminal Court Process

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Criminal Court Process for Sherburne County Minnesota

Sherburne County's District Court sits in Elk River, the county seat, at the county government center on Business Center Drive, and it is one of the courts of Minnesota's Tenth Judicial District. Felony and juvenile prosecutions belong to the elected Sherburne County Attorney. Misdemeanors from cities such as Elk River, Big Lake, Becker and Zimmerman are generally prosecuted by those cities' attorneys. Adults taken into custody are held in the Sherburne County Jail in Elk River, which the Sheriff operates.

  • Sherburne County District Court (Tenth Judicial District), 13880 Business Center Drive, Elk River, MN 55330, (763) 284-7140
  • Sherburne County Attorney's Office, prosecutor for felonies, juvenile cases and township offenses, Elk River
  • Tenth District Public Defender's Office (State Board of Public Defense), appointed counsel for Sherburne County defendants who qualify; Sherburne County clients can reach its Anoka office at 901 West Main Street, Suite 100, Anoka, MN 55303, (763) 422-3350
  • Sherburne County Jail (Sherburne County Sheriff's Office), Elk River, Sheriff's Office (763) 765-3500

Which court hears your case. There is only one trial court for Sherburne County: the District Court in Elk River hears petty misdemeanors, misdemeanors, gross misdemeanors and felonies alike, because Minnesota has no separate city courts. The level of the charge determines the prosecutor and the sequence of hearings. A city's attorney, or a private firm the city has retained, normally prosecutes misdemeanors and gross misdemeanors that happen inside that city, while the Sherburne County Attorney takes those arising in townships along with every felony. The eastern part of St. Cloud lies in Sherburne County, so some St. Cloud arrests are filed in Elk River rather than in Stearns County.

Where pretrial detainees are held. Anyone arrested in Sherburne County and not released at the scene is booked at the Sherburne County Jail in Elk River, a large, state-licensed jail run by the Sheriff. Defendants who do not post bail or satisfy release conditions stay there until their case is resolved. Call the Sheriff's Office at (763) 765-3500 to ask about custody status or bail.

Misdemeanor (for example, theft, a first DWI, fifth-degree assault, trespassing)

Sherburne County's lowest-level cases, petty misdemeanors, misdemeanors and gross misdemeanors, usually begin with a citation or with booking at the Elk River jail. Many people leave the jail the same day after posting bail under the schedule or signing a promise to appear.

The 36-hour rule and release

Someone who stays in custody must be brought before a Tenth District judge within 36 hours, not counting the arrest day, Sundays or holidays, and a judge must review probable cause within 48 hours after a warrantless arrest. The judge may release the person on recognizance or with conditions such as no contact or no alcohol. If bail is used, Sherburne County judges usually set two amounts, one without conditions and a lower one that requires following conditions. Cash bail and bonds from commercial bail agents are both accepted in Minnesota.

Hearings and trial in Elk River

A misdemeanor proceeds through arraignment, a pretrial conference with the city or county prosecutor, and then a plea or a trial before a judge or a unanimous six-person jury. Gross misdemeanors open with a Rule 5 first appearance and include an omnibus hearing, though the jury is still six people. Defendants who cannot afford a lawyer can ask at the first hearing for the Tenth District Public Defender's Office.

Sherburne County penalty ranges

  • Sherburne County petty misdemeanor: not a crime; Elk River judges can impose only a fine, capped at $300.
  • Misdemeanor in Elk River court: up to 90 days and $1,000, for example theft of $500 or less, fifth-degree assault or trespass.
  • Tenth District gross misdemeanor: up to 364 days and $3,000, covering theft between $500 and $1,000 and repeat fifth-degree assault.
  • First DWI in Sherburne County: fourth-degree DWI, a misdemeanor punishable by up to 90 days and $1,000; one aggravating factor (a 0.16 or higher test, a child under 16 in the car, or refusal) makes it a third-degree gross misdemeanor with up to 364 days and $3,000. Administrative license revocation is a separate process, and ignition interlock, plate impoundment, possible vehicle forfeiture in aggravated cases and a chemical use assessment may follow.

Diversion, a continuance for dismissal, a stay of adjudication, probation or a fine are typical results for a first offense. These cases usually last one to four months.

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Felony (for example, burglary, felony theft, drug sale, second-degree assault)

The Sherburne County Attorney charges felonies in a sworn complaint reviewed by a judge for probable cause; grand juries are used only for crimes carrying life imprisonment. At the Rule 5 first appearance in Elk River, the judge explains the charge, appoints the Tenth District Public Defender's Office for eligible defendants and sets bail and conditions.

What comes after the first appearance

A Rule 8 second appearance follows, when discovery is shared and early negotiations begin. The omnibus hearing lets the defense challenge probable cause and ask the judge to throw out evidence obtained through an unlawful search or interrogation. Settlement conferences come next. A case that goes to trial is decided by 12 jurors who must all agree, and a defendant who formally demands a speedy trial must be tried within 60 days of that demand. After a conviction, probation prepares a presentence investigation before sentencing.

Guidelines sentences in Sherburne County

Tenth District judges apply the Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines, which place each case on a grid by offense severity and criminal history score and produce a presumptive stayed or executed sentence. Departures require substantial and compelling reasons.

  • Felony theft from Sherburne County: a Sherburne County theft conviction can bring up to 5 years when more than $1,000 was taken, 10 years past $5,000 and 20 years past $35,000.
  • Elk River burglary cases: first-degree burglary carries up to 20 years, second-degree up to 10 and third-degree up to 5.
  • Sherburne County drug sales: a first-degree sale offense is punishable by up to 30 years.
  • Second-degree assault charged in Sherburne County: up to 7 years for assault with a dangerous weapon, plus a mandatory minimum if a firearm was used.

Lower-level felonies frequently end in probation with jail time in Elk River or a stay of imposition, which leaves a misdemeanor on the record once probation is done. A prison term is usually split two-thirds in custody and one-third on supervised release. Sherburne County felony cases generally take four to twelve months.

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Violent felony (for example, murder, criminal sexual conduct, aggravated robbery)

Violent felony prosecutions in Sherburne County use the same District Court process, but bail is often set very high, and defendants frequently remain in the Elk River jail for months. First-degree murder is the one charge that must be presented to a grand jury.

  • First-degree murder: life imprisonment, without the possibility of parole for premeditated murder and some other forms; other first-degree murder sentences allow parole consideration after 30 years. No Sherburne County defendant can face execution, because Minnesota ended the death penalty in 1911.
  • Second-degree murder: up to 40 years; third-degree murder: up to 25 years.
  • First-degree criminal sexual conduct: up to 30 years, and the presumptive sentence for a first offense is 144 months.
  • First-degree aggravated robbery: up to 20 years.

Victims have rights under Minnesota Statutes chapter 611A to be told about hearings, to attend them and to address the court at sentencing. The Tenth District Public Defender's Office represents qualifying defendants. Expect these Sherburne County cases to take one to two years or longer.

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Juveniles (under 18) arrested in Sherburne County

Cases involving youth under 18 are heard in the juvenile division of Sherburne County District Court in Elk River. The County Attorney decides whether to file a delinquency petition, and first offenses are frequently diverted to programs that avoid a formal court case. A youth who is detained is generally held at the East Central Regional Juvenile Center in Lino Lakes, which Sherburne County uses as a joint powers member, not the adult jail, and must receive a detention hearing within 36 hours of being taken into custody, excluding weekends and holidays.

The Tenth District Public Defender's Office represents juveniles who qualify. Some 14- to 17-year-olds may be prosecuted as Extended Jurisdiction Juveniles (EJJ), with a juvenile disposition and a stayed adult sentence. The Sherburne County Attorney can also move to certify a youth 14 or older for adult prosecution, and that certification is presumed for 16- and 17-year-olds whose alleged offense carries a presumptive prison sentence or involved a firearm. Sherburne County youths aged 16 or 17 who are charged with first-degree murder are prosecuted in adult court. Juvenile court records are generally confidential, though some felony records for youth 16 and older can become public.

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Federal cases (U.S. District Court) from Sherburne County

Sherburne County is in Division 4 of the District of Minnesota, so federal criminal cases from Elk River, Big Lake, Becker, Zimmerman and the rest of the county are filed at the Diana E. Murphy U.S. Courthouse, 300 S. 4th Street, Minneapolis, MN 55415, roughly 35 miles down Highway 10 from the Elk River government center. Division 4 juries are drawn from that division, with jurors reporting to Minneapolis or St. Paul. The first hearings in a case are often held in Minneapolis or St. Paul as well. The Clerk of Court is at (612) 664-5000.

When charges become federal

A Sherburne County arrest leads to federal charges when the conduct breaks federal law, usually after an investigation by the FBI, DEA, ATF, Homeland Security Investigations, the Postal Inspection Service or IRS investigators. Typical cases include trafficking significant quantities of drugs or moving them across state lines, firearm possession by people with felony records and other gun crimes, fraud schemes, child exploitation, bank robbery and immigration violations. Federal prosecutors can adopt a case started by the Sheriff or a city police department, and the same conduct may be prosecuted by both Minnesota and the United States.

The players

Federal prosecutors work for the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Minnesota at U.S. Courthouse, 300 S. 4th Street, Suite 600, Minneapolis, MN 55415, (612) 664-5600, with a second office at 316 N. Robert Street, Suite 404, St. Paul, MN 55101, (651) 848-1950. Appointed defense comes from the Office of the Federal Defender, 107 U.S. Courthouse, 300 S. 4th Street, Minneapolis, MN 55415, (612) 664-5858, or from a private CJA panel attorney when the Defender has a conflict. The U.S. Marshals Service in Minneapolis, (612) 664-5900, has custody of federal defendants who are held.

From arrest to appeal

  • Initial appearance. After an arrest by federal agents or on a federal warrant or indictment, a U.S. magistrate judge explains the charges and appoints a lawyer.
  • Detention. When the government seeks it, a hearing is usually held within three court days. The Bail Reform Act requires release on conditions, supervised by U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services, unless the judge finds no conditions will assure appearance and safety. Bail bondsmen are not part of federal practice, and money bail is rare.
  • Indictment. A complaint must be followed by a grand jury indictment, or a preliminary hearing, within 30 days of arrest; the defendant is then arraigned.
  • Trial or plea. The Speedy Trial Act calls for trial in 70 days, but continuances are common. Most cases settle through plea agreements. A jury of 12 must be unanimous.
  • Sentencing. About three months after a plea or verdict, based on a presentence report, the advisory Sentencing Guidelines and any mandatory minimum. There is no parole; at least about 85% of the term is served after good-conduct time, in a Bureau of Prisons facility, followed by supervised release.
  • Appeal. To the Eighth Circuit.

People under 18 are rarely charged in federal court. During the case, the Marshals house pretrial detainees in county jails they contract with around the state, sometimes out of state, so a person arrested in Sherburne County may be held in another county. Call the Marshals' Minneapolis office to find someone, or use the Bureau of Prisons inmate locator after sentencing.

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This page offers a general description of criminal procedure in Sherburne County and is not legal advice. Talk with a defense attorney about any specific charge, or request the Tenth District Public Defender's Office at your first appearance; Court Administration in Elk River is at (763) 284-7140.

Criminal Court Process for Sherburne County Minnesota

Sherburne County Minnesota Criminal Court System - Definitions

It might be helpful to define some words that will be used on this site, when explaining the Minnesota Court System and how it works. The definitions on this site are for general information and not legal advice. It is always preferred to follow information given by your attorney or local authorities.

If you scroll down below this content, and the listing of the courts in Sherburne County, you will find a simple flowchart diagram and a video that will help you visualize the stages of the Criminal Court Process.

Arrest is when Minnesota, Sherburne County, or local police take a person into custody and start the legal process. The arrested person may or may not be immediately jailed. 

In less serious crimes, the person may only be given a citation ordering that they appear in municipal or Sherburne County court on a certain date. In cases involving more serious crimes, the person is usually placed in the Sherburne County jail until an arraignment, or a judge decides the next step.

Booking is when the sheriff or local police gather information such as the detainee’s name, address and why the person is being arrested. Booking also includes fingerprinting, criminal history, investigation and verification of identity. Bail for lower-level crimes may be set right after booking so the arrested has the opportunity to “bail or bond out” before being detained.

The prosecution, sometimes called “the government” or “the people” or “the state” is the side that press the charges and seeks punishment for the offense. These are attorneys that work for the state of Minnesota, Sherburne County or a city or town. The prosecuting attorney for Sherburne County or the district is called the County Attorney or Assistant County Attorney.  A U.S. Attorney prosecutes federal cases.  

Jurisdiction is an important term in the court system that means whether a court has the obligation or duty or right to handle a case.  For example, if you run a red light in your town or city, a municipal court would likely have jurisdiction over your case, but the next town or city over would not have jurisdiction over your case.  If you attempted to flee from police when they attempted to stop you after you ran the red light, it becomes a more serious crime, and the municipal court might not have jurisdiction so you might be assigned to a higher-level court that has jurisdiction over the more serious crime.  Jurisdiction varies from state to state and sometimes county to county.

Arraignment is when a judge determines whether or not the charges are supported by the prosecution’s initial evidence and tells the arrested what they are charged with, and the person says whether they are guilty or not guilty. At this time, the person is called the defendant, and the opposing side is called the prosecution. If there is reason to believe that the arrested is guilty, the judge will set bail conditions or send the defendant to jail or release them ROR (release on recognizances). An arraignment is not a trial, and the defendant is entitled to a trial within a reasonable amount of time after the arraignment.

Bail is money paid that is held by Sherburne County or municipal court to make sure that the arrested does not flee the area before their trial. Bail amounts and other conditions are determined at the arraignment.

Once the case is over, the bail money is returned to the defendant. If a person does not pay bail, they remain in the Sherburne County jail until their trial.  

Bail can be denied if the court feels that the arrested would be a danger to others if released. Sometimes the court decides that there is a good chance that the arrested will show up for trial and not flee so they are released on their own promise, or recognizance without having to pay bail.

A bond proceeding is the determination of how much bail is to be paid and usually happens at the same time as an arraignment. During bond proceedings, the defendant can have an attorney present but does not have the right to an attorney. Jailors, law enforcement and prosecutors generally do not have authority to set bail. A judge or court officer in Sherburne County or municipal court sets bail. Judges in Minnesota rely on a statewide bail schedule, which sets out a recommended range of bail amounts for different offenses. Judges can still exercise discretion in setting bail above or below the recommended range.

It is always important to have family involvement after being arrested.  Not only can they make calls and communicate on your behalf (not all bond companies will accept collect calls), but family support will show the court that there are people who will make sure that the defendant makes it to court, not only for the defendant’s own good, but because they may have signed bond paperwork and responsible to pay if the defendant does not show in court. Chances of obtaining a bond from a bond company or clerk of court are better if family is involved.  

(There have been phone scams to where a bond company calls and informs a person that their family member has been arrested and they ask for financial information.  A bondsman will not call asking for money without involvement of the arrested.)

A judicial public bond or personal recognizance bond is a bond where someone representing the defendant signs paperwork promising to pay the money if the defendant does not show up to court. If the defendant does not show, the full amount will be due and the people who signed the paperwork will be responsible to pay the court.  Sometimes the court decides that there is a good chance that the arrested will show up for trial and not flee so they are released on their own promise, or recognizance.  

Cash percentage in lieu of bonds.  If the bond order permits, the defendant pays a percentage of the amount, (sometimes up to 100%) to the court, which then holds the money until the case is over. The amount is returned if the defendant is acquitted or the case is dismissed, or it can be used toward paying any court fines incurred by the defendant.

Surety Bond is when defendant pays a percentage of the bond amount (usually 10–15%) to a professional bondsman or bail bond company licensed to do business in Minnesota, Sherburne County. The bondsman then signs the bond on behalf of the defendant. The defendant does not receive any of the money back. If the bondsman feels the defendant is a flight risk, they can refuse to give a bond or charge a higher fee. For example, a bondsman may determine a defendant is a flight risk if they are from a state other than Minnesota.

A Property Bond is a bond in which the bond is pledged in land or home real estate (mobile homes are not accepted).  Usually, the property must be in Sherburne County, and it must be worth at least the amount of the bond.

A Secured Bond is when the defendant pays a portion of the bail up front. If they show to court, they would get the money back and if they don’t show up to court, would have to pay the entire bail amount.

A criminal defense attorney (also called lawyer or counsel) is hired or retained to represent the arrested as early as possible after the arrest. If there is a chance that the case might go to trial and the defendant cannot afford an attorney, the 6th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires that the court provide an attorney. This is called indigent representation and a public defender or assigned attorney would represent the defendant in all proceedings. Indigent representation is only available misdemeanor and felony cases that could result in jail time, juvenile cases and certain appeal cases. 

Indigent representation is only available misdemeanor and felony cases that could result in jail time, juvenile cases and certain appeal cases. There is a chief public defender in each of Minnesota’s 10 judicial districts who oversees indigent care needs whether by a public defender or an attorney who is contracted at a reduced rate. The time to ask for indigent representation is as soon as possible to avoid errors while not represented.

For less serious cases or civil cases, there are pro bono volunteers who volunteer legal services for free or for a small fee. They often will hold clinics to teach people how to represent themselves in court or expunge their record which means to legally erase or eliminate a criminal or arrest record from public view. This website provides contact information for pro bono services in Minnesota:

Many courts will provide forms and help for people who want to represent themselves, called pro se.  Here is a link for legal self-help centers in Minnesota.

A district court can refer to the first level of the legal system, or a minor court. District courts are located in the community.  A district court can also refer to a U.S. Federal District Court that hears federal cases. There is one U.S. federal district court in Minnesota, with offices throughout the state. It is important that you check the address of the court you are to appear in rather than to ask someone because that person might give you directions to the wrong “district” court. Being late to court can land you in custody as well.

Pretrial proceeding is the process where both sides (prosecution and defense) gather information, interview witnesses, request records, videos etc. Pretrial proceedings also include communications with the judge assigned to the case and these appearances are either in person or by on-line conferencing. Some pretrial proceedings may not require a defendant’s appearance, allowing an attorney to appear in their place. The information that is gathered is called discovery and both sides must share the information that they have gathered.  This information does not include conversations between the arrested and their attorney.

Most cases do not go to trial because both sides reach a plea deal, where both sides try to reach a reasonable punishment based on what was learned in the pretrial proceedings.  A plea deal can only happen if the accused person admits they are guilty in exchange for a lighter punishment.  The reason they must admit guilt is because it would not be fair to punish someone who claims they are not guilty.  There are times in plea bargaining when the prosecution agrees to give a lighter sentence in exchange for information leading to the arrest of more serious criminal related to the crime.  

Trial is where both sides share their information in front of a judge or a judge and jury. After listening to all the evidence, the judge or jury decides the verdict which is whether if the person is guilty or not guilty. If a court has only a judge hearing both sides, it is called a bench trial.  If a jury is selected, it is called a jury trial.  If the defendant is found non-guilty, they are released.  If they are found to be guilty, the next step is sentencing.

Sentencing is the punishment that the judge decides the person should get. This could be jail or prison time, fines, community service, probation, or a combination.

Appeal is asking for a higher court to hear the case again at an appellate court.  If the accused person thinks something went wrong at trial or has new information that was not available during the trial or that the sentence is too harsh, the defense attorney can ask for an appeal. It is not unusual for an appeal when there is a long jail sentence, but an appeal can be denied if the appellate court feels that the original trial or sentencing was fair.

Minnesota Felony vs Misdemeanor

The level of a criminal offense in Minnesota is tied to the potential penalty for a violation. For example, a misdemeanor crime is punishable by up to 90 days of incarceration, up to a $1,000 fine, or both.

Specific examples of misdemeanor offenses include simple assault, first-time driving while under the influence (DWI), and theft of property valued at less than $500. Some misdemeanors are deemed “payable,” meaning that a guilty plea can be accepted via mail by paying a fine. No court appearance is necessary in those cases.
 
Petty misdemeanors are less severe than a misdemeanor and are only punishable by a fine of no more than $300. An arrest cannot be made for a petty misdemeanor, and a judge cannot sentence someone to serve jail time for a petty misdemeanor conviction. Examples of petty misdemeanors include parking offenses and some minor drug crimes. In some cases, a misdemeanor offense can be deemed a petty misdemeanor for the purposes of sentencing. This is usually the result of a plea bargain agreement between the prosecutor and offender.
 
Minnesota also has a gross misdemeanor category of offenses that are considered more serious than a misdemeanor but less serious than a felony. A gross misdemeanor is punishable by up to 1 year in jail, up to a $3,000 fine, or both. Examples of gross misdemeanor offenses include prostitution, a second or subsequent DWI, or theft of property valued at more than $500 but less than $1000.
 
A felony is the most serious and is punishable by more than one year in prison.  Examples of felony crimes are murder, rape, theft, aggravated assault, drug trafficking, kidnapping, and identity theft. Incarceration as the result of a felony conviction is carried out at a state-level prison, as opposed to a jail or county workhouse, where those convicted of a misdemeanor or gross misdemeanor may serve their time.

The Sherburne County Clerk of Court is an elected official whose responsibilities for Criminal Court’s administrative issues include receiving criminal warrants, receiving bail, creating the trial schedule, receiving fees, fines and maintaining court records.

A warrant is used to get someone to appear in court or to law enforcement.  There must be good reason to believe that the person is involved in a crime. The warrant gives authority to arrest the person and search for evidence for the investigation of the crime. 

A criminal summons is issued to request that a person appear in court at a particular time and date.  It does not involve an arrest.  A traffic ticket, summary citation or lesser misdemeanor could be considered a summons if you are given a court date.

A summary citation, commonly referred to as a ticket, is a criminal summons by a law enforcement officer either in person or via mail accusing the defendant of a minor offense, stating potential fine, listing the court having jurisdiction and instructions for addressing the issue. Defendants may or may not be required to appear in court or handle the matter by entering a plea via mail.

Fines are usually paid to the District Court or clerk of court and payment methods can be found on the District Court or Sherburne County County Clerk of Court website. If you do not pay your fine on time, you can lose your driver’s license, have to pay additional fees or even have a warrant for your arrest.  It is important to read the instructions on the ticket issued by the police officer or court at the time of your arrest. For a parking ticket or summary citation, the fine amount and how to send payment should be on the ticket. 

Minnesota Criminal Court System - How it Works

Municipal courts handle violations of municipal ordinances (city laws), traffic violations, parking violations, and misdemeanor offenses that occur within the city’s police jurisdiction. Not all cities or towns in Minnesota have municipal courts and, instead, may use the district courts for any and all offenses that occur within the city.

District courts in Minnesota can be city-wide or county-wide and can combine several counties into one district.  The Minnesota state district courts handle all criminal cases: traffic, misdemeanor, gross misdemeanor, and felony offenses from beginning to end unless the case is dealt with in a Municipal court. The district court is the only court in Minnesota that handles felony cases. Juvenile cases are heard in a separate division of the district court. 

Specialty courts or problem-solving courts are being adopted in many states to handle cases that involve non-violent and first-time offenders. This allows the offender to retain a job or meet other responsibilities while following specific orders of the court. The conditions may include routine ongoing court appearances, periodic evaluations, or testing for drugs or alcohol. Minnesota calls these courts treatment courts, and the divisions of treatment courts include adult drug, DWI, family dependency, mental health, and veteran’s treatment courts.

Juvenile Justice system in Minnesota: All of the above applies only to adult offenders. Persons under 18 who are charged with criminal behavior are seen by judges in the juvenile court, which is a separate division of the Minnesota district court. These courts take a strongly rehabilitative approach that involves not only the child but also the family or caretaker, school system, and community providers.

If the offense committed by the juvenile is serious (rape, robbery, or murder, for example), the court may certify the child as an adult and refer them to the adult court system for the same type of processing as any other adult. That is somewhat rare and is reserved only for the most serious types of criminal behavior. 

The following link provides further information on the Minnesota juvenile court processes.

The Minnesota Supreme Court is like our United States’ Supreme Court because it has a panel of judges that rule on matters that have to do with someone’s constitutional rights or policies and laws. The Minnesota State Supreme Court deals with the state constitution or laws or policies. Sometimes the Supreme Court will hear criminal cases on appeal when there is question on the state laws or procedures that lead to the appeal.  

The criminal cases are usually referred from the district courts of appeal.

FEDERAL COURT

Federal Court deals with crimes involving violations of United States laws.  Federal crimes include federal drug trafficking, federal tax evasion and fraud that crossed state lines and include crimes that occur on federal property as post offices or federal buildings.  

Cases involving crimes that involve the FBI or DEA or Immigration agencies are federal crimes. Terrorism is a federal crime. 

There are some differences in the Federal court system as compared to the Minnesota state court system. For example, the attorneys who work for the courts are called United States Attorneys and Federal judges are called District Court Judges (not to be confused by local state district courts).  

Federal Magistrate Judges hear the case early on, but they do not decide on the cases at a trial like the Federal District Court Judges. In a federal case, a grand jury is used for indictments.

There is one U.S. Federal Judicial District in Minnesota.

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